Iliad :: essays papers

IliadAchilles passion and Unreconciliation Reassessing the Concepts of Mortality and Honor The subject of Homers epic poem, the Iliad, is genuinely clearly stated--it is the rage of Peleus son Achilles. The reader remains continually assured of the extent of Achilles rage, yet is never told the reason why Achilles remains savage and unreconciled. There is no definitive answer to this question. Achilles is not a distillery character. He is constantly changing thus the question of why he remains angry solicits resistent answers at various stages throughout the poem. To regain an answer, the reader must(prenominal) carefully examine Achilles ever-changing dilemma involving the concepts of fatality rate and keep. At its simplest, Achilles dilemma is that if he goes to war, he will die. But he will die with reputation. Achilles true nature is that of a warrior. The son of Peleus must fight. When he denounces Agamemnon and the Achaeans, he does not go home. His ship is last in line, near Troy. Subconsciously, he has already made the choice of accepting a short life filled with glory. Subconsciously, he wants to go back to war. He needs to. However, he also needs to insure his possession of glory and awarding. But what kind of glory, what kind of mention? He already possesses the honor of the gods. He says, my honor lies in the great decree of Zeus (IX.741.p.272). By book IX, material wealth is no longer what Achilles wants. He spurns Agamemnons offers. The typical mortal concepts of heroism no longer concern him his ideals differ from those of his peers. Phoenixs Meleager is no example to him. However, at this point Achilles still does not know what he wants. Pride and stubbornness still append his rage, but now his anger appears to be a manifestation of his hero-worship and confusionStop confusing my fixed resolve with this (IX.745-746.p.272). Achilles knows that he wants honor and glory, but in what form?What Achilles does know, and w hat he must deal with, is the detail that his life will be short if he chooses to have honor and glory. Thus, the choices he makes concerning his honor are crucial. At this point his life is go on the decision he makes. It is inevitable that Achilles will choose admission 2--to go to war, live a short life, and have much glory.

The Evolution of Communication Essay -- Internet Net World Wide Web Me

The Evolution of communicationSince the earliest of years, communication has been an significant part of life. The term communication is defined as a promoter to give or interchange thoughts, feelings, information, or the like, by writing, speaking, gesturing, etcetera ( Stein, 298). Communication allows humans and other life-forms to interact with each other and transfer authorized information. The information transferred could be comprised of anything from a nearby food source to the disc everyplacey of fire. Over the years, communication has taken many forms. In 1962, a vocalizer and songwriter named give chase Dylan (b. Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941, Duluth, Minnesota) released his first album titled Bob Dylan. After listening to this album and noticing his talent for intertwining melodic songs and lyrics that spread loving consciousness to the masses, it is hard to believe the aboveboard grunt had come this far. through the advances of science, scientist have con clude that the evolution of life probably took place over the past tens of millions of years. During these years life has evolved from tiny microscopic organisms into modern man. The genus Homo, which houses mankind, only(prenominal) appeared some two million years ago. Through much research, it has been concluded that speech probably arrived in its simplest form some 250,000 to 300,000 years ago. This early(a) stage of speech, or communication, consisted of Neanderthals using their mouths to formulate sounds. This attempt to communicate by sound, which may have been discovered by listening to animals such as birds or other creatures and attempting to recreate them, is commonly known as grunting (Lacy, 2).The change from grunting, to the actual formulation of words, probably took pl... ...y. Many people took advantage of the piano tuner and attempted to raise social consciousness through the broadcasting of songs and lyrics (information). tuner allowed information to be distri buted in a wide range. Songs were played to whomever would listen, and not just in certain areas and ethnic boundaries. One such pedagog was Bob Dylan. Over three decades Bob Dylan released 46 albums. Dylans combination of family line music, social consciousness, and the radio allowed him to speak to a nation. The information he was direct was heard by millions upon millions and could be traced all the way back to the simple grunt some 250,000 to 300,000 years ago.Works CitedEd., Jess Stein. The Random House mental lexicon of the English Language. Random House Publishing New York, 1967Lacy, Dan. From Grunts To Gigabytes. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Urbana,1996

Scavengers and Nothing’s Changed. Two very different poems, written by :: English Literature

Scavengers and Nothings Changed. cardinal genuinely disparate poems, written by both very distinguishable poets, both of whom put out with regards to their own cultures, backgrounds and places of originSCAVENGERS and NOTHINGS CHANGEDScavengers and Nothings Changed. Two very different poems, written bytwo very different poets, both of whom write with regards to their owncultures, backgrounds and places of origin all of which are verydifferent. What could these two poems have in common. Ostensibly,postal code. Scavengers is simply about the social furcate surrounded by theupper and working classes, whilst Nothings Changed tells of a small human races anger at being discriminated because of his colour. But latereven the most shallow disection it is easy to see the connectionbetween these two poems. Nothings Changeds angry young man isobviously a victim of other heaps racial prejudice, but the two binmen of Scavengers are also victims of prejudice, looked down upon bythe tic ker and upper classes because of their job, their financialsituation, their parents.Theres your first shared theme. therefore you got the second hypocrisy.The hypocrisy theme runs strong in both poems. In Nothings Changedits that this poem takes place after a law had been passed againstracial discrimination. Laws change. Attitudes dont. There may not bea sign on the door denying the young boy entry, for it is an impromptulaw that he is rebelling against. He is rebelling against theattitudes of the people inside the resturant. With Scavengers it isthe entire Ameri batch vision that is called into question and shown up tobe what it is a lie. The American Dream is that anyone, no matter theclass, creed or connections, can do anything, be anything. A personborn into poverty and raised on the streets can rise to be president.All it takes is hard work, and you can be whoever you extremity to be.Which is, of course, a lie. The current president of the United Statesis a straight C stude nt. In this country, he might have scraped intoSixth Form by the skin of his teeth. He might have got to be a great powerdesk jockey for a paper merchant. But in the US, hes the son of aformer president, argo hes president. Of course, blood has nothingto do with it *please read with dripping sarcasm in psyche*. The poem isquite clear in its message The American Dream Is a Lie GreatHemocracy? Great Hipocrisy.Theres another thing that connects the two poems. Its the idea thatmany people in these unfortunate positions often hinder any sort of

Dangerous Dogs

Exercise A Dangerous dogs 1. Give an chalk out of the various views on self-destructive dogs presented in text 1, 2 and 3. there be different opinions in the three texts. In text 1, constabulary bask new law on killer dogs by Jamie Doward, the practice of law officer, Bernard Hogan-Howe has demanded a change to the law on weighty dogs so children are better protected and so the new rules will target the proprietors of self-destructive dogs, rather than the animals themselves. That happens after five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson was mauled by a pit bull and died.Four breeds were illegalize as followed by the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act. That led to hundreds of people handing in their dogs to the constabulary in the Merseyside area, because they were afraid they might be prosecuted. Bernard Hogan-Howe says that there are straightaway 200 fewer illegal dogs in Merseyside. In text 2, cast aside owners of killer dogs by capital of Seychelles Stilwell has another view. She is against b reed-specific legislation. She means that you should face lock up if your dog kills someone, and it is time owners take responsibility when they mix kids and pets.The death of 13-month-old Archie-Lee Hirst mauled by his familys rottweiler has started a tighter control on dangerous dogs. But Victoria Stilwell says that people should not start thinking that exclusively rottweilers are killers, because they sure as shooting are not. Instead she recomwork forced people to consider which breed that take on into their home, and not to buy a dog on the net or from a backyard breeder. In text 3, If the dog is dangerous, the owner will be, overly by Simon Heffer, Simon Heffer himself means that the Dangerous Dogs Act is a pointless prepare of legislation, because many pit bulls are still to be found.He in any case writes that the owner of the dog, who killed five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson, Kiel Simpson was a drug dealer and was jailed for possessing 44Ib of cannabis. Simon Heffer thi nks that this underlines that if you meet a dangerous dog, a dangerous human is not far away. Both Jamie Doward and Simon Heffer observe a change in the legislation necessary after a pit bull mauled five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson. They both blame the owners to the dogs and see it as a big problem that irresponsible people has it bulls. Victoria Stilwell is opposite the to men against breed-specific legislation. She also blame the owners and says you would not leave your baby alone with a stranger so why a dog? 2. Characterize the nuance used by Simon Heffer in text 3. Illustrate your answer with examples from the text. Simon Heffer uses a readable language and do already catch the reader in the headline. Simon Heffer use a little Ethos and a little pathos when he writes about dangerous dogs and their owners.He explains his points in shortly sentence and he is comfortable to understand () 1057 of these repulsive animals are legally owned in this body politic After reading the tex t we can see that Simon Heffer is very indispensable when he writes about the owners of dogs not only the owner in the tier of Ellie Lawrenson, but every owner of a dog And it underlines the point that wherever one finds a dangerous dog, there is normally a dangerous human lurking not far away. It is like he also indicates that he find it more necessary to take control of all the dangerous human, like drug dealers (Kiel Simpson) and so on.

The Role of Fate in Oedipus the King – Essay Sample

Oedipus the female monarch was written by Sophocles and was is titled Oedipus Rex in Latin. It is one of the most well-known Grecian trage go ons. As is the case with Greek tragediesor roughly most tragedies that make their management to stage percentage plays a key role in the events in Oedipus the King. The play is alike the origin of the term Oedipus complex. pot as Antagonist The primary opposite in this tale is fate. Most tragedies where fate is the driving theme the characters in its web all attempt to escape it.Unfortunately fate cant be avoided and if it is tempted fate will usually render a furthermost worse conclusion for attempting to deprive it of its will. Laius fatality Apollo tells Laius that he and Jocasta would have a son that would kill him. When Oedipus is born, Jocasta sends Oedipus to his own fate and leaves him on a mountainside to die. Jocasta attempts to cheat fate by doing away with her son to save her husband, yet Oedipus is found by a shepherd who saw the whole involvement and raised by King Polybus.Laius fate lie withs when he kidnaps the son of King Pelops and basically showed little respect for Pelops hospitality by doing so. The Fate of Thebes Oedipus sends Creon to the temple of Apollo to figure out what will become of Thebes and how to do away with the plague. Fate is tempted here by the Oedipus attempting to end the plague when it is not his place to do so. Apollo tells Oedipus that he will end up killing his father and victorious his mother. Oedipus believes he will end up killing King Polybus. Oedipus Fate TeiresiasApollos blind prophettells Creon of Oedipus fate.Oedipus is busy trying to find the manslayer of Laius. Teiresias cryptically tells Oedipus the constitution of his marriage, but Oedipus doesnt interpret the meaning in Teiresias words. He tells Oedipus that the shame of his relationship will bring about better and that the insults Oedipus gives to him will be returned as a result of his deed. Oedipu s sets himself up for laying waste further when he forsakes Teiresias word and says he has no special ability.As prophets be basically the mouth of the gods and do their directwill, Oedipus is in a way committing blasphemy. The provocation leads Teiresias toagain crypticallytell Oedipus that he is actually on level footing with his children and that the truth with crush him. When Oedipus relays the events to his wife, she tells him to ignore the prophecy and that Apollos prophecy didnt hold up as she believed that her husband was killed by a bandit. Strands of Fate Tied Up Oedipus finds out that Polybus doesnt die at his hands, but of natural causes so it seems the prophecy didnt come true.However, Laius is killed by Oedipus when the two argued over who had the right of way on a road. Neither man recognized the other. Oedipus marries Jocasta, widow of Laius making his both wife and son to her and father and brother to his children. Oedipus finds out about the true nature from a s hepherd, finds his wife Jocasta who had hung herself, took her jewelry and smashed them into his eyes. Oedipus ends up blind and poverty-stricken and his children cursed by being the product of incest.

Microbiological routes for the production

Microbiological Paths For The achievement Of Pharmaceutical Products.IntroductionMicrobiological Aspects Of PenicillinRecent publications and primary literature suggest that penicillin is an first class curative agent which increases its demand for clinical application and chemical substance surveies. Microbiological toil, chemical purification and isolation ar major jobs associated with its usage. Penicillin is produced by genus Penicillium notatum in really infinitesimal measures and its elegances were investigated for big scale production of penicillin. Cultures of P.notatum tend to spontaneously lose their penicillin-producing ability due to physiological or biochemical devolution. Penicillin action straight depends upon the nature of sample. It is critical to choose calls of steepest authority for maximum penicillin activity. entirely the varietys are divers(preno minal) from each other in their penicillin-forming ability.1. Penicillin production in Penicillium Chry sogenum.Biosynthesis of lysine and Penicillin in Penicillium chrysogenum is regulated by ramifying rank intermediate ?-aminoadipate. In penicillin nerve tract, it is condensed with L-valine and L-cysteine to organize tripeptide by ACV synthetase. The internal ?-aminoadipate pool plays a critical function in lysine and penicillin biogeny. The break of lys2 cistron directs the pool towards penicillin biogenesis ensuing in penicillin over-production. The targeted break was carried out by utilizing two different techniques and their con rank on penicillin production was studied. P.chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 ( small-level penicillin-producing strain ) and P.chrysogenum pyrG1 mutant strains were apply in transmutation experiments. P. Chrysogenum L2, a lysine auxotroph was utilize as a control. Spores of P.chrysogenum were poised from home bases of power strength after holding grown for 5 yearss at 28C. Two plasmids pDL1 and pDL7 which differed in selectable marker and size of deoxyr ibonucleic acid part homologous to aim were selected for break of lys2 by a undivided crossing over. pDL1 includes ble ( phleomycin opposition ) cistron piece of music pDL7 contains pyrG cistron as a selectable marker. step up of 495 transformants tested, 2 lysine auxotrophs ringers ( TD7-88 and TD7-115 ) were obtained. Both were unable to turn in Czapek mass mean(a) supplemented with ?-aminoadipic acid while P.chrysogenum L2 ( command strain ) grew. These consequences proved that lys2 cistron is break up in TD7-88 and TD7-115 strains. Two plasmids pDL2 and pDL10 were constructed for break of lys2 cistron by dual recombination. Out of 964 transformants tested, merely wiz lysine auxotroph ( TD10-195 ) was obtained which was unable to turn in ?-aminoadipic acid supplemented Czapek medium. Transformants TD10-195 and TD7-115 were more than stable without any reversion rate as compared to TD7-88 with really low degree of stableness. Although the outgrowth of transformants were loosen uper than parental strain in defined medium incorporating 4.0 Mm lysine, the penicillin degrees were double from those notice in parental strain at 96, 120, and 144 H and threefold higher at 168 H.2. Penicillin takings by Fungi bit on food merchandises.Many fungal species widely used as commercial starting motors such as P.nalgiovense, P.chrysogenum, P. Verrucosum, P.griseofulvum and P.roqueforti were used to analyse the production of penicillin while turning on nutrient merchandises and presence of penicillin biosynthetic cistrons in Fungi of genus Penicillium. The synthesis of toxic compounds power besides be secreted to nutrient merchandises. All the strains were screened utilizing bio-assaies in both unanimous and liquid medium with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as a trial strain to observe penicillin production. Antibacterial activity was found in P.chrysogenum, P.griseofulvum NRRl 2300 and P.nalgiovense. ?-lactamase signifier group B Cereus UL1 was used to prove whether the antibacterial activity was due to penicillin or other substance. Result indicate that antibacterial activity can be attributed to ?-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Agitation of liquid submerged civilizations of P.griseofulvam was carried out to corroborate penicillin production which proved that P.griseofulvam strain NRRL 2300 had highest production degree. Southern smudge analysis was used to analyze the presence of penicillin biosynthetic cistrons. The presence of penicillin cistron bunch in P.griseofulvum proved that the antibacterial activity observed is due to penicillin. P.griseofulvum which is a affirmable beginning of penicillin in nutrient merchandises can be often single out from maize, barley, wheat, flour etc. In instance of P. Verrucosum, the antibacterial activity observed was due to either patulin or penicilic acid as it contains merely one cistron of penicillin cistron bunch. Both patulin or penicilic acid are utility(prenominal) metabolites produced by different strains of Fungi. In order to obtain safe and high quality nutrient merchandises, antibiotic and toxin production by nutrient micro-organisms should be analysed and studied in item. It besides helps to bring forth modified strains in which the synthesis of toxic compounds can be eliminated without losing their food-ripening and flavorer belongingss.3. Production of penicillin in methylotropic barm Hansenula polymorpha.-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and Mefoxins are largest selling antibiotics against bacterial infections. Industrially, penicillin and Mefoxins are produced by filiform Fungis Penicillium.chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum severally. The chief purpose was to present penicillin biogenesis tract into yeast Hansenula polymorpha as it is more various, easy to manage and cultivate with transcendent agitation belongingss as compared to filiform Fungis. In penicillin tract, peptide synthetase ?-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase signifiers tripeptide ACV. It is converted into isopenicillin N ( IPN ) by enzyme isopenicillin N synthase ( IPNS ) . The pcbC cistron which encodes IPNS was cloned in H.polymorpha intoxicant oxidase booster in pHIPX4 and structured at PAOX venue in H.polymorpha genome. A strain ( IPNS 4.2 ) incorporating pcbC look cassette was well-bred at 37C on methyl alcohol medium to bring on PAOX. Wild type H.polymorpha serves as control strain. Aliquots were taken at regular clip intervals to analyze IPNS protein. Western smudges prepared utilizing stony infusions of H.polymorpha and P.chrysogenum revealed that strain IPNS 4.2 produces an ?-IPNS specific protein. IPNS was produced at all growing temperatures in strain IPNS 4.2. In stationary growing stage, comparatively low IPNS protein degrees were observed in cells grown at 37C. It was assumed that hapless or slow folding of protein at high temperature can be an intrinsic factor. However, IPNS protein was to the good stable and its degree was significantly enha nced at 25C if compared to its production at 37C and 30C.The sum is alike(p) to highest penicillin bring forthing strains of P.Chrysogenum. Results indicate that penicillin production in heterologus barm was merely prosperous at decreased growing temperatures. As yeast genome does non encode non ribosomal peptide synthetases such as ACVs, the following measure will be to infix functionally active ACVS in heterologus host in order to present teeming penicillin biogenesis tract in H.polymorpha.4. Penicillin production in surface civilizations of P.notatum.Two-liter Erlrnmeyer flasks incorporating czapek-Dox medium were inoculated with P.notatum and incubated at 25C. It was tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in alimentary stock by ordinary dilution methods. The pH of the medium shed from 6.5 to 3.0-4.0 and remained low throughout. Neutralized samples showed high antibacterial activity and batches runing from 10 to nose candy liters were extracted with amyl ethanoate at pH 2. It was assumed that penicillin in these civilizations existed in non-extractable signifier. The pellicles were thin, without furrows or spores, and liquid with swoon chickenhearted touch. The antibacterial activity was extractible at pH 2 with organic dissolvers when the medium was supplemented with yeast infusion, brain-heart extract. In dark-brown sugar medium ( dark brown sugar, 2 per cent NaNO3, 0.35 MgSO4.7 H20, 0.05 KCI, 0.05, KH2PO4, 0.15 FeSO4.7H20, 0.015 ) growing is more rapid and abundant accompanied by intense xanthous pigmentation ( chrysogenin ) as compared to czapek-Dox medium. The sourness falls in early phases from pH 5.5 to 4.5 and so rises to 8.0. Penicillin started frame uping on 5th cardinal hours with upper limit on the eleventh to the 13th twenty-four hours. Maximum penicillin activity appeared after maximal growing was attained. All the sugar was consumed before maximal penicillin was accumulated.5. Penicillin production in su bmersed civilizations of P.notatum.Experiments with submersed civilizations were conducted on machines agitating at rate of 60 to 90rpm, with maximal growing observed over a period of 6 to 10 yearss at 25C. Brown sugar medium was distributed in 80-ml measures in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks and inoculated with a spore suspension of P.notatum, strain 832. The flasks were incubated at 25C on a shaking machine. Growth commenced on the 2nd twenty-four hours with maximal growing appeared as little unit of ammunition pellets of mycelium. Penicillin started roll uping on 3rd or 4th twenty-four hours and reached its maximal lever ( 20 to 30 oxford units per milliliter ) on 7th or eighth twenty-four hours. Organic fraction in brown sugar is creditworthy for penicillin-promoting capacity. Zinc besides had a catalyzing consequence. The shingle or submersed civilization technique provides better aeration as compared to come up civilization. By turning P.notatum strains in shake civilization, varia ble factors of diffusion and pellicle formation are eliminated, while growing and metabolic procedures are accelerated. Care of an equal O show is indispensable in the penicillin production in submersed civilizations of P.notatum.6. Aculeacin A Acylase as an industrial biocatalyst for production of penicillinAculeacin A Acylase ( AuAAC ) from Actinoplanes utahensis NRRL 12052 catalyzes hydrolyses of acyl medieties of fungicidal antibiotics. As AuAAC was mistakable to ? -lactam acylase, it was investigated whether AuAAC would act as new ? -lactam acylase. An engineered aac cistron was made and cloned into look vector pEM4. The cistron was amplified by PCR utilizing chromosomal Deoxyribonucleic acid from A. utahensis NRRL 12052. Primers were designed harmonizing to the DNA sequence of aac cistron. Purified PCR merchandises were digested with XbaI and EcoRI endonuclease and cloned into pEM4 vector. The ensuing plasmid was so introduced in S.lividans 1326. The AuAAC output was 21-fol d higher in recombinant strain produced by S. Lividans ( pEAAC ) as compared to A.utahensis. Its pureness was determined by Na dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel cataphoresis. The thermic stableness was studied by pre-incubating AAC for 20 min at different temperatures. It was stable up to 50C and so reduced at higher temperature. It was determined that purified recombinant AuAAC is able to hydrolyse penicillin V. The energising parametric quantities for hydrolyses of different natural ?-lactam antibiotics were determined to analyze hydrolytic specificity of recombinant AuAAC. The pure recombinant enzyme was incubated with increase concentrations of penicillins ( V, K, F, dihydroF, and G ) in light speed mM K phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 at 45C for 15 min in 100 l. AuAAC shows the same substrate specificity if compared to penicillin V acylase on natural penicillins. Penicillin K was vanquish substrate for which AuAAC shows highest biomolecular changeless value of 34.79 mM-1 s-1. Res ult suggest that AuAAC from A.utahensis should be considered as new subfamily of ?-lactam acylases and it should besides be considered as an industrial biocatalyst for production of unreal penicillins.Mentions1. Finch, R. G. , Greenwood, D. , Norrby, S. R. &038 A Whitley, R. J. ( 2003 ) . Antibiotic and Chemotherapy. Anti-infective agents and their usage in therapy. ( 8th ed. ) . New York Churchill Livingstone.2. Hutter, R. , Leisinger, T. , Nuesch, J. &038 A Wehrli, W. ( 1978 ) . Antibiotics and Other Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis and Production. New York schoolman Press.3. Flynn, E. H. ( 1972 ) . Cephalosporins and Penicillins.Chemistry and Biology. New York Academic Press.4. Casqueiro, J. , Gutierrez, S. , Banuelos, O. , Hijarrubia, M. J. &038 A Martin, J. F. ( 1999 ) . element Targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum Break of the lys 2 Gene Leads to Penicillin Overproduction. Journal of Bacteriology, 181 ( 4 ) , 1181-1188.5. Laich, F. , Fierro, F. &038 A Martin, J. F. ( 2002 ) . Production of Penicillin by Fungi go on Food Merchandises Designation of a complete Penicillin Gene wad in Penicillium griseofulvum and a Truncated Cluster in Penicillium verrucosum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68 ( 3 ) , 1211-1219.6. Gidijala, L. , Bovenberg R. , Klaassen, P. , Van der Klei, I. J. , Veenhuis, M. &038 A Kiel, J.A. ( 2008 ) . Production of functionally active Penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin N synthase in the barm Hansenula polymorpha. BMC Biotechnology,29 ( 8 ) , 1472-6750.7. Torres-Bacete, J. , Hormigo, D. , Stuart, M. , Arroyo, M. , Torres, P. , Castillon, M.P. , et Al. ( 2007 ) . Newly Discovered Penicillin Acylase Activity of Aculeacin A Acylase from Actinoplanes utahensis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,73 ( 16 ) 5378-5381.8. Sprote, P. , Brakhage, A. A. &038 A Hynes, M. J. ( 2009 ) . Contribution of Peroxisomes to Penicillin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. Eukaryotic Cell, 8 ( 3 ) , 421-423.

Case Study Toyota

Toyota representative study chore 1 a) Brief overview of the lively wideness of strategic trading trading trading trading proceedings counsel to a earth ships comp either(prenominal) play a dour. AND b) critical critical review of Toyotas strategic trading movements centering activities from manufacturing, harvest-home/service and memorial tablet thoughts. a) strategic operations watchfulness is of great vastness to any placement.The very existence of government exertions in the modern agonistic humanness depends on spile customization, Lean cropion, agile manufacturing, node-centric provision ( strategical Operations Management, insurgent edition, Steve Brown, Richard Lamming, John Bessant and Peter J unmatchables), and so on depend on the might of the organization to actually do these things. present strategic decisions play a crucial section. In my opinion Strategic operations management is a holistic approach, covering the whole organisa tion, touching different aspects of headache. even strategic operations management grass be vitally principal(prenominal) in achieving pedigree goals, and terminal incomeing war-ridden expediency. At this check, I learn it is worth to define the speech communication Strategic Operations management. According to depression and Lewis, operations dodge holds the fol pooring definition Operations strategy is the total pattern of decisions which radiation diagram the long- confines capabilities of any type of operations and their contribution to the overall strategy, by means of the reconciliation of grocery store requirements with operations resources( lassitude et al 2007, p69).Generally strategic operations management activities ar critical to the guest satisfaction &038 accession. T present argon tetrad types of advantages for strategic operations management in a collapsen(p) problem ( economic crisis et al 2007, p22) 1. Strategic operations management git invalidate the cost of producing harvestings and services, and annex the efficiency. When we dismantle the racing shell of Toyota mint, it is evident that cost is i of the critical competitive agents for the corporation, in that priseby strategic operations management at Toyota entrust definitely, jockstrap the caller-out to reduce the cost and gain efficiency. . Strategic operations management fucking gain the revenue by change magnitude the customer satisfaction by good feel and service. As we break up the Toyota weed, we can take note the fierceness on customer decoct and tonus, this would adjoin the customer satisfaction and increase the revenue for the high-pitched society. 3. Strategic operations management reduces the derive of enthronisation required by increase the capacity of the operation, and ripe resource deployment.Automobile industry in general is characterised by pet to neck arguing, here any reduction in investing reflects in th e cost, and ultimately in the worth to the customer. So, it is definitely going to be important for Toyota Corporation. 4. Strategic operations management provides the basis for future entry, by building a solid base of operations skills and k instantaneouslyledge within the disdain. This is as well as a vital point for Toyota, strategic operations management would stand by the company to break down long border capabilities, which would play a key economic consumption in the future direction of the company.While exploring the relevance of Strategic Operations Management, it is equally important to harbour a olfactory perception at the four offices ( inert et al 2007 p, 69) as follows Operations strategy might be a top- see or a bottom-up deal when meaning the calling and collective strategies. Similarly, an operations strategy might be commenceed in response to merchandise requirements (i. e. commercialise-led) or be ground on the capabilities of its operations resources. Fig. 1. confinement 01 . point of reference The four perspectives on operations strategy, OPERATIONS STRATEGY, SLACK AND LEWIS, PEARSON EDUCATION LTD.When analyzing the four perspectives, it would become clear that the spinning top down perspective would helper us to downstairsstand the relevance of Strategic Operations management. Top-down Perpective The top-down perspective is the atomic outlet 53 from where the operations strategy coming from. It is hold outing the corporal strategy, championship strategy and the functional strategies of an organisation. Now let us take the suit of Toyota as a synonym to the proposed world class organisation, so that we entrust be able to analyse the importance of strategic operations management.While analysing the Top down Perspective, we would come across with three directs of strategic decisions in an organisation At bodily take At business train At functional direct Let us get adjacent to the Toyota Corporati on, as we analyse the strategic decisions at collective level , we find it is cogitate to positioning the Toyota Corporation in the global, frugal, political and kindly surround ( easy et al 2007, p63). It would help Toyota to happen upon decisions on ? The types of business that the organisation wants to be in ? The trades that the organisation would identical to operate ? in allocation of exchange between different businesses/SBUs Secondly, the strategic decisions at Business Level would help the singular business units to throw mission and objectives. It would help the organisation to formulate the business strategy relevant to individual business units operating under the bodied umbrella. present, business strategy helps the business towards its occurrence customer, potential markets and competitors. For suit when we analyse the Toyota Corporation, we find the following learning The Company operates by dint of three business constituents.The Automobile atom is engaged in the tendency, manufacture and trade of machine point of intersections, including sedans, minivans, 2BOX autos, sport-utility vehicles and trucks, as well as the link part and accessories. The comprise instalment is affirm-to doe with in the provision of financial services related to the sale of the Companys increases, as well as the leasing of vehicles and equipment. The early(a) segment is involved in the design, manufacture and sale of ho usings, as well as the information and communication business. As of March 31, 2012, the Company had 507 subsidiaries and 212 associated companies (The New York fourth dimensions sublime 2, 2012).So the strategic operations management holds key for the individual business units in Toyota to cleave to the corporate strategy, and develop missions and objectives c at wiz cadencerning the individual business units. Finally, the strategic decisions at Functional level would help different departments or functions at an organisation to organize themselves to bear out the business strategy. For voice, in the case of Toyota Corporation, the operations department, selling department, product/service development department and others would be directed to adhere to the business objectives.For simulation, in the case of Toyota Corporation, the emphasis would be addicted to the management of different departments in the business. Getting closer, we can take the framework of Lexus segment of Toyota, where functional level strategic decisions would help different departments in Lexus unit to organize themselves to happen upon the business objectives. When we analyse the importance of strategic operations management at Toyota, we can simplify the findings as follows When considering the Top down perspective Toyota management directs or formulates the strategy as what business to do, it is the considered to be at corporate level.The company decides where it wants to be in 10 to 15 eld at this repr esent. For practice Toyota at corporate level emphasize the following patterns Toyota outside(a) Vision Rewarded with a smile by transcend your expectations Toyota volition lead the way to the future of mobility, enriching lives around the world with the safest and much or slight responsible ways of moving people. Through our commitment to quality, constant insane asylum and respect for the planet, we aim to exceed expectations and be rewarded with a smile. We result fall in challenging goals by engaging the talent and passion of people, who believe there is always a better way. http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/csr_initiatives/csr_concepts/ insurance policy. html accessed 19th phratry). present we find the spokespersons for the corporate level decisions as follows The emphasis is on the quality The emphasis on innovation The emphasis on building capabilities (HR) Again, at business level we find the following facts at Toyota the appropriate question at bu siness level is How should we argue in the chosen industry or business? Here Toyota formulates the mission avowals for the company, and locates the strategic objectives.Here Toyota emphasizes the instruction execution objectives much(prenominal) as woodland, dependableness, flexibleness, cost. At the very functional level in Toyota, the emphasis goes to coincidence of the crabbed function to the business objectives, for example the issue at Toyota Corporation Here, the concentrate of Toyota goes to quality, reduction of crazy (JIT), ceaseless avail. Further, Hayes and Wheelwrights four coifs of operations contribution would help us to take how the strategic operations management contributes. According toHayes and Wheelwright there ar four stages of operations contribution( Slack et al 2007, p37) as mentioned beneath 1. innate neutrality at this stage the strategic operation holds the company back from competing trenchantly, and center on given to bending mist akes. 2. External neutrality at this stage the strategic operation emphasizes on implementing the best practices in the market. 3. Internally supportive this stage is characterised by building operations resources, and by gaining companys competitive or strategic goals.From Toyotas case, we can find that the companys operation is attempt to build long term capabilities. 4. Externally supportive the focus on this stage goes to providing foundation for the long term competitive success. From the case given, it is change state evident that the company is keen to build long term competitiveness. (Fig. 2. task 1. The four-stage prototype of operations contribution by Hayes and Wheelwright) As a conclusion, we find that Strategic Operations management is quite important to any organisation as in the case of Toyota.It helps an organisation to device competitive strategies, acquire parvenue markets, and respond to customer requirements, development of long term plan for the organis ation, process management and so on. Does it pay to an organisation? Well, it does for example, when, in the late 1990s, Toyota announced their strategic intention to expand capacity and pee-pee more automobiles in what was already an oversaturated industry they did so knowing that they had extraordinary operations capabilities that would outperform other competitors.By the beginning of 2004, Toyota had indeed fulfilled their obligation and had become the number two car producer in the regular army ( Strategic Operations Management, Second edition, Steve Brown, Richard Lamming, John Bessant and Peter Jones, 2005) b) Critical review of Toyotas strategic operations management activities from manufacturing, product/service and administration perspectives. Stakeholder analysis could be utilize to illustrate the strategic operations management activities at Toyota. By analysing the stakeholders, we ordaining certainly contribute an idea intimately the expectations of differen t stakeholders. Stakeholders argon the people and groups who whitethorn be influenced by, or may influence, the operations activities (Slack et al p. 39). We can utilize the Five deed objectives from Slack ( Slack et al 2007, p39) to broaden the s dole out of stakeholder analysis. According to Slack there ar five performance objectives for any type of operations as below timbre expedite Dependability tractableness apostrophize ( Slack at el p39). Five performance objectives to Toyota tonicity Expectations from stakeholders timberland of product/service, safe vehicles.Type of stakeholder customer Shareholders Society How Toyota can address? altogether parts are made to stipulation All assembly is to specification The product is reliable The productive is attractive and blemish free heftyhold Reduced finishedput clock time and waiting time. Customer Shareholders Dependability On time spoken communication Customer Partners dealers Flexibility Availability of different models to choose from Customer Suppliers Toyota damage Lower toll and superior performance Customer Toyota ( Slack et al 2007, page 40) Time between dealers requesting a vehicle and receiving the kindred is kept to tokenish.On time deliver of spares to the service centers. ( Slack et al 2007, p40) On time delivery of vehicles to dealers On time delivery of spares to service centers. The introduction of newfound models mingle tractableness raft flexibility ability to redress the number of vehicles manufactured Delivery flexibility ( Slack et al 2007) decrease of cost in purchasing simplification in staffing cost Reduction of costs in technology and facilities When analysing the stakeholders of Toyota Corporation, we can find the following Internal stakeholders investors/shareholders, employees/managers.External stakeholders customers, governments, monastic order/community, suppliers/business partners, milieualists. (http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stake holders/ accessed 23rd kinfolk 2012) 1. Customers According to Toyota the policy statement towards the customers goes interchangeable this 1. Provide prophylactic and reliable vehicles that inspire enthusiasm at affordable impairments. 2. Listen sincerely to customer voices and continue to reinvent ourselves through sufficient information disclosure and dialogue. (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/ accessed 23rd family outline 2012)What customer expects? Quality How Toyota addresses? Matching of the expectation Safety and reliability Toyota emphasizes quality in manufacturing/production, in design, in service and values increasing transparency. For example the focus on doing things right at the rootage time, explains as how quality issuances to Toyota. The company strives to provide the customer with quality products and services. Furthermore, the TQM principle of Toyota allows total quality management through development, procurement, production, to a fter sale service.Again, the continuous repairment principle also talent insights towards the quality concept. ( http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/customers/quali ty. html accessed phratry twenty-fifth 2012) By using technologies to avoid the occurrence of accidents, by exploitation technologies to reduce the amount of damage by collisions, dependable safety management concepts, by providing driving information, by passenger protection, damage mitigation, rescue, accident warnings. (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/customers/safet y. html accessed twenty-fifth September 2012)Yes At this point, I would disagree to an extent The locomotive fault on Lexus model compelled the company to devolve the model. (http//www. telegraph. co. uk/mo toring/news/7865157/Toyotaplans-recall-of-Lexus-modelsover-engine-fault. html twenty-fifth September 2012) Further the customer reaction to the same could be found in the striking below. http//www. c onsumeraf gracefuls. co m/automotive/toyota_engine. ht ml Opportunity to feedback and receiving of the information. Low price Toyota emphasizes listening to the customer, and giving timely and prompt feedback. ( http//www. toyotaglobal. om/sustainability/stakeholders/customers/quali ty. html accessed September twenty-fifth 2012) Reduction of cost throughout the operations process JIT, Inventory withstand, escape of waste every time are few measures that the company choose towards this idea. On time delivery Various models to choose from 2. Employees Policies towards the employees depicted in the following sentence. Create working environments for various employees to work proudly and with devotion and confidence in fulfilling their potential, which realize their self-growth (http//www. toyotaglobal. om/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012). Yes Yes Dependabilit y Flexibility What employees expect? Safety &038 health How Toyota addresses? Matching o f the expectation Pride impudence Creating safe and healthy working environment ( http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012 ) Creating an environment full of vigor and enthusiasm. (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012 ) Providing stable working environment, and bazaar working conditions. http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012 ) Yes Yes Not really The recent lay off in Australia could contradict this statement. ( http//www. abc. net. au/new s/2012-04-17/toyotas- comparability in all aspects Opportunit y Creating harmonious, dynamic working conditions at Toyota. (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012 ) Development of HR (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ accessed 25th September 2012 ) ayoffs- indispensablemontgomery/3956 820 accessed 25 September 2012) Yes Yes 3. Business partners Toyotas policy towards the business partners, that includes the suppliers goes as follows Contribute for economic development of local communities with open stance to new suppliers and dealers and through sustainable growth establish on mutually beneficial business relationships with dealers/distributors and suppliers (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/sustainability/stakeholders/partners/ accessed September 25th 2012) . What business partners expect? Equal prospect How Toyota addresses?Toyota keen to give equal opportunities for the suppliers around the world, supplier CSR guidelines and openness. Openness policy What matters to Toyota? Quality, low price. constituent to local economic vitality through localization good corporate citizenship. Fairness in receiving information Long term procurement fair contender based on Quality, equal opportunity, an open-door policy low price Stable relationship mutual benefit based on s hared benefits mutual trust Trust Unified cooperation with Trust partners. http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/partners/policy accessed 25th September 2012 4.world(a) society and local communities The Toyota policy in this realize is mentioned below Reduce environmental burdens through life round by developing various eco- accessible vehicles and technologies and do them prevail. Be aware of responsibilities of developing and producing vehicles and contribute for realization of new mobility society free from traffic accidents and congestion. As a good corporate citizen, respect the finis and customs of every nation and contribute to social development. http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/environment. html accessed 25th September 2012) .What Society/ community expects? Eco friendly vehicles CO2 reduction How Toyota addresses? Development of eco-friendly models. Conserve energy and reduce the amount of CO2 in production/manufactu ring, distribution and gross sales. Emphasis on re-cycling based utilization of resources. Boost monozukuri with nature What matters to Toyota? preservation of the nature Protection and safety of the nature Conservation of resources Environmentally friendly manufacturing Safer mobility Preservation of resources. Provide eco-mobiles end product of safe and Safety people and environmental friendly preservation of the vehicles nature.Comfortable and ascorbic acid Providing eco-friendly designs, free mobility innovative designs for comfort. excogitation in life style Innovation in style by http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/mobility. html accessed 25th September 2012 ) Social welfare Social welfare programs Jobs Creation and opportunity for employment. nucleotide Infrastructure development activities. Traffic safety Education and training http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/contribution. html accessed 25th September 2012 http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/environment. tml accessed 25th September 2012. 5. Shareholders The polices towards the shareholders are explained as follows Ensure sustainable growth by fostering the innocent circle, Always better cars Enriching lives of communities, Stable base of business. Global Vision for Those We practice ( http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/ accessed 25th September 2012) What shareholders How Toyota addresses? What matters to Toyota? expects? ROI Sustainable profitability Sustainable profitability. and cost reduction. through through regional strategy, business strategy and product strategy.Respect for the agreements Honor the law Foster visionary management style Dividends and shares Dividends based on investment plans, business results, cash revenues http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/stakeholders/shareholders/ accessed 25th September 2012 6. Governments Toyotas policy towards local, topi c and inter content governing bodies expressed in the following statement We accede with local, national and international laws and regulations as well as the spirit thereof and we conduct our business operations with honesty and integrity ( http//www. oyotaglobal. com/sustainability/csr_initiatives/csr_concepts/policy. html accessed 25th September 2012). What Governments expect? How Toyota addresses? Compliance to law Comply laws at local, national and global levels. CSR policies http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/csr_initiatives/csr_concepts/policy. html accessed 25th September 2012 7. Environmentalists Toyota explains this in in sustainable mobility (http//www. toyota. com/ to the highest degree/environment/ accessed 25th September 2012) What environmentalists expect?Clean mobility Preservation of natural resources How Toyota addresses? Eco-friendly designs Reduced use of resources, and promotion of eco-friendly designs and fuel cost-efficient vehicles and technolo gies. http//www. toyota. com/ nearly/environment/ accessed 25th September 2012 Globalization also plays an important role in strategic operations management activities (Slack et al 2007). Globalization is characterised by the extension of operations put up chain to cover the whole world (Slack et al p680).It is becoming clear that the world is becoming a gloomy place to do business, here enormous opportunities lie, so do the threats or gainsays (slack et al 2007). For example the advent of internet technologies paved the way for new business models. Here, the approachability of a website reservation you an international player. Let us take the case of Toyota, where e-procurement would revolutionalises the entire process and contributes to cost reduction, and quality defy. The almost important point to note is that, the real competition between supply chains and, the business networks, and it is not between various companies.Let us measure out as how globalization poises the challenges and opportunities to Toyota in a brief ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Global markets Global competition and global focus Competitors, partners &038 customers from around the world Global sourcing- Global presence Global value chains increasing complexity &038 competition Global access to knowledge &038 new technologies High level of customer awareness &038 expectations Accelerating pace of technological change Rapid pace of product commoditization Innovation &038 mastery of global value chains are preconditions for business successAs the world is the market for Toyota, the following points becoming important in manufacturing, product/service and administration Product/service perspective 1. Global design because of the global market focus, Toyota has to emphasize the design patterns matching the appetite and view of global customers. Here strategic operations management has to give importance to transferability of product/service. (Slack et al 2007 p 681). 2. Flexibility due to th is constituent the compulsion for wide be given of options becomes important.Here, the R&038 D department has to work about with the emerging design preferences to match the expectations. 3. As Toyota (corporate level) defines the operations strategy, operations managers must pay attention to the five performance objectives found at the business level of strategy, in order to efficiently deliver the companys products, or services to the market and maximize the profitability. 4. Harmonious relationship with partners such(prenominal)(prenominal) as suppliers, dealers e. t. c becomes important. 5. Toyotas hybridization car initiative can be considered at this juncture. In manufacturing perspective 1.Globalization requires international quality standards from Toyota it forces the strategic operations management of Toyota to emphasize the quality factor in every product. We can find the TQM, TPM e. t. c as a result of this focus (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/company/vision_philos ophy/guiding_principles. html accessed 25th September 2012 ) 2. Cost reduction this is other challenge to the Toyota Corporation globalization is facilitating hundreds of automobile manufactures to compete in the international arena, here lower price, and higher quality pays off.Better supplier/partner relationships, total reduction of waste, inventory control are a few commendable practices put forth by the company. 3. Continuous improvement is another feature of Toyotas operations management. 4. Flexibility and dependability is another focus in the manufacturing arena. 5. Layouts of facilities need to be taken into consideration, because it is related to the culture of particular region. 6. Process technology development is another factor for the strategic operations management to consider. Here availability of skills, serviceability and maintenance options e. t. to be taken into consideration ( Slack et al 2007 p681) 7. might planning and control is another area to explore. He re Toyota explore JIT technique. 8. Inventory planning and control is the other area affected by the globalization. Toyota innovated inventory reduction techniques to cope with the challenge. 3. Administrative perspectives 1. Respect towards different cultures and beliefs holds the key here. Toyotas respect policy is focused towards this aspect. 2. Job design is an area coming under the theme. Here cost of labour, skill availability, cultural impacts etc. to be taken into consideration. 3.Another defenseless area is business itself, here proper business recovery plans to be in place. 4. Better supplier management is another important factor, which will contribute to quality, and cost reduction. 5. Environmentally sensitive operation is another challenge to tackle. 6. Knowledge management is another area to focus. As the world becomes a global village to do business, the problems would escalate with the new competitors, new products, low pricing, better quality. At this stage, Toyo ta has to emphasis on continuous improvement principle to avoid the mishaps the recalling of the product and associated amage to the blur, loss of revenue etc. Task 02 Critical assessment of Toyotas global expertness and evidence of competitive advantage in their product and services. The organizational capability of a firm can be found evenly throughout the entire organization, and it is the same case when it comes to Toyota Corporation. A firms organizational capability as a source of its profitability may be disproportionately found in its manufacturing functions such as factories, technical centers, and purchasing organizations. We may call it manufacturing capability (i. e. , organizational capability in manufacturing).Toyotas half-century stream of profitable years is often attributed, to its manufacturing capability, including that of the Toyota Production System (Monden, 1983, 1993 Womack et al. , 1990 Fujimoto, 1998, 1999). Toyotas global capability lies in the developme nt of long term capabilities, effective utilization of resources, sincerity towards the waste reduction, Toyota production dodging, JIT, continuous improvement, customer focus, enhanced supplier networks, emphasis on quality, customization, Toyotas inbound logistics management controls the inventory control and so on( www. toyota. om a brief over view, accessed 24th, 25th September 2012). In the case of Toyota developing key human resource, and fostering the development of key capabilities could be estimate out. As we analyse the Toyota corporation, it is becoming clear that the organisation is keen to develop right resources for the company (https//www. toyota- global. com/sustainability/report/sr/pdf/sustainability_report11_se. pdf accessed 25th September 2012). At Toyota the corporate level strategy directs the organisation to long term objectives. For example the emphases for quality, innovation, reduction waste, continuous improvement e. . c produce from this point. But, oft en corporate level strategies are characterised by inflexibility and bureaucracy, because it is derived from the corporate level. At business level Toyota Corporation emphasizes the individual business objectives such as quality, cost, flexibility and dependability. Here the individual business units of Toyota (for example Lexus), should come up the strategies according to the corporate objectives. Finally, the functional level strategies are concerned about adopting the steps necessary for achieving the business objectives. At this level, the articular function for example manufacturing has to follow the objectives assemble forth by the business. It is time for us to evaluate the competitive advantages, based on the five performance objectives (Slack et al 2007, p 39) 1. Quality 2. Speed 3. Dependability 4. Flexibility 5. Cost Performance objectives Quality conformance to customer expectations ( slack et al 2007, p40) Competitive factor High quality How it creates competitive ad vantage for Toyota Toyota emphasizes the quality throughout the operation. A good example to support this statement is the Lexus series vehicles.It bring downs from the design, procurement, production, delivery and service. It reduces the cost by bring down the re-works, lessens the disarray (Slack et al 2007). It increases the dependability, and efficiency ( slack et al 2007) Speed the elapsed time between, a customer requesting products/services and the delivery of the same kept to minimum ( Slack et al 2007, p42) Dependability it means the customers receive goods and services but when they are needed. ( Slack et al, 2007, p 44) Fast delivery Reliable delivery Flexibility ability to change operations in Wide stove of some way. roducts Production flexibility ability to produce new models. Mix flexibility ability to produce wide arena of products and services Volume flexibility the operations ability to change its level of output signal Delivery flexibility the operati ons ability change the quantify of the delivery of its products and services. ( Slack et al 2007, p 46) Cost it is about competing on price. Low price ( slack et al 2007) Still, the effort should be given for consistent conformance ( Slack at el 2007), recent years problems in Lexus, Reiz, High Lander ( Global business review 2012) spells doubts in the quality focus of Toyota.Toyotas JIT principles, inventory control and inbound logistics management emphasizes this aspect. It facilitates spry decision making. It reduces inventories. It reduces the risks ( slack 2007) Toyotas JIT systems and planning and control systems would help the company to achieve the same. It increases the efficiency in the operation, saves the time, money and gives stability to the company. ( Slack et al 2007) At Toyota the flexibility holds the key with other performance objectives. Here the R &038 D division pays attention to designing the different models suited for different markets and consumers.Again , the production process is capable of adjusting the volume. Finally the ability of Toyota in terms of rescheduling the manufacturing priorities. It would help the organisation to become agile, maintains dependability, and saves time. ( Slack et al 2007, p 47) At Toyota is one of the performance objectives. Automobile industry is characterised by the stiff price wars, and here cost reduction would help the company to achieve low price. Toyota is one of the pioneers in competing in price with various models. It improves efficiency.But, here one point to consider the imitability of capabilities other companies such as KIA poises stiff competition to Toyota with flexibility and price. Finally, as we focus on analysing the performance objectives of Toyota, we find the following Quality Cost Speed Flexibility This is illustrated by way of a diametric diagram here It is critically important, that the companies examine the market to determine the postulate and minimum requirements of cu stomers we can also refer to as order gentle and qualifying factors.As discussed by Slacks, Chambers and Johnston (2007) order qualifiers are those aspects of competitiveness where the operations performance has to be above a particular level to be considered by the customer. Slacks, Chambers and Johnston (2007) also describe order winners as the competitive factors that directly and significantly contribute to agreeable business. It is useful to consider the points put forward by Terry Hill, professor at the capital of the United Kingdom Business School, (1985), such as order amiable factors and hearty factors, less important factors. For Toyota Corporation the order winning factors include ? Quality ? stick out ?Dependability Satisfying factors ? Cost ? Range ( flexibility) Fig 4. Task 2 Terry Hill Order wining factors, qualifying factors, less important factors. Here we can easily come to a conclusion that for different customers, these factors would vary. For example the take case of Lexus vehicles from Toyota, here the order winning factors would certainly be the style, design, high quality, performance, and qualifying factors will be price or any other. The case would be other way around when we consider the Innova model. Task 03 Critical review of Toyotas use of operations strategy to increase their overall effectiveness and competitiveness.While analysing the activities from manufacturing, product/ service perspective, it is important to bear in mind the Top down perspective of operations strategy. According to Slack et al 2007) The Top down perspective consists of three levels of strategy integrated level Business level Functional level It is further related to matters such as What type of business the organisations to be in? currency flow management Management of SBUs (strategic business units) At Toyota the corporate level strategy directs the organisation to long term objectives. For example the emphases for quality, innovation, reductio n waste, continuous improvement e. . c originate from this point. But, often corporate level strategies are characterised by inflexibility and bureaucracy, because it is derived from the corporate level. At business level Toyota Corporation emphasizes the individual business objectives such as quality, cost, flexibility and dependability. Here the individual business units of Toyota (for example Lexus), should align the strategies according to the corporate objectives. Finally, the functional level strategies are concerned about adopting the steps necessary for achieving the business objectives.At this level, the particular function for example manufacturing has to follow the objectives set forth by the business, in the case of Toyota Quality Innovation Cost Flexibility Dependability You will find the TQM, Kanban, JIT techniques used by Toyota as a result of this emphasis. Again, when it comes to the product/service segment Innovation (flexibility) Quality Customer focus Finally, at administrative perspective Sustainable Location decisions Long term Capacity management efforts Continuous preference development focus Long term Supplier relations e. t. c can easily identified.The bottom up perspective, of strategic operations provides flexibility to Toyota Corporation. Here, day to-day experience from the bottom line is taken into consideration while formulating the strategy. When we analyse the Toyota Corporation, it is easy to represent the customer focus is a result of this perspective. Task 3 30 tag Critical review of Toyotas use of operations strategy to increase their overall effectiveness and Competitiveness. It will definitely be useful to regard the Top down perspective ( Slack et al 2007), while analysing the operations strategy at Toyota.At Toyota, the corporate level strategy directs the organisation to long term objectives. For example the emphases for quality, innovation, reduction waste, continuous improvement e. t. c originate from this point . But, often corporate level strategies are characterised by inflexibility and bureaucracy, because it is derived from the corporate level. At business level Toyota Corporation emphasizes the individual business objectives such as quality, cost, flexibility and dependability. Here the individual business units of Toyota (for example Lexus), should align the strategies according to the corporate objectives.Finally, the functional level strategies are concerned about adopting the steps necessary for achieving the business objectives. At this level, the particular function for example manufacturing has to follow the objectives set forth by the business, in the case of Toyota Quality Innovation Cost Flexibility Dependability You will find the TQM, Kanban, JIT techniques used by Toyota as a result of this emphasis. Again, when it comes to the product/service segment Innovation (flexibility) Quality Customer focus Finally, at administrative perspective Sustainable Location decisions Long term Capacity management effortsContinuous Resource development focus Long term Supplier relations e. t. c can easily identified. It is equally important to manage the second ground level and first tier suppliers as Toyota expands globally. Here, main advantage comes from the closer relationship with the suppliers ( Slack et al 2007). As the next step, we will have to analyse the Product life cycle influence on the performance objectives of Toyota ( Slack et al 2007), and this would help us to understand the competitiveness and effectiveness of Toyotas operations strategy at various stage in the cycle. build. 05, task 3 Source adapted from slack et al 2007, p72. Students, kindly circle one PLC based on my explanation below, and you can focus on page 72 for an idea) First of all we will have to understand the product/service ranges of Toyota here Toyota automobiles, Engineering, FA, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), communication, financial activities, semiconductors and biotec hnology, maritime and aerospace ( http//www. toyotaglobal. com/company/profile/non_automotive_business/new_business_enterprises/the_origin_and_ development_of_New_business_enterprises. tml accessed 28th September 2012) In a product/service life cycle model, we will come across with 4 different stages here Introduction stage, growth stage, adulthood stage, decline stage (slack et al 2007 p 72). 1. Introduction stage At introduction stage a company offers something new in design or performance, and here the competitors will be few in the market. Here it is important to develop flexibility to adapt to the changes in the market ( Slack et al 2007).When it comes to Toyota Automobiles, the company has designed some great models Lexus, Pirus, Innova , corolla, Land cruiser, Fortuner, and in bus crime syndicate models such as coaster, Hiace, and in truck category vehicles such as Dyna (http//www. toyotaglobal. com/showroom/vehicle_gallery/ accessed 28th September 2012). At the introducti on stage the customer for Toyota would always be innovators, who are keen to try to new design, models and features. Here competitors would be less, but in the case of Toyota they are compelled to compete with giants such as Mercedes, GM, and lately with Honda, KIA,Nissan etc.At introduction stage the order winning factors will definitely be design, and the qualifying factors will be quality, range or flexibility. Here Toyota focuses on flexibility, quality and design. It will be useful to make an analysis with the latest hybridization vehicles from Toyota. At the introduction stage this model was innovative and met with few competitors. Here, it is important to consider the other products such as Toyota pay service, biotechnology, communication, technology segment, engineering science etc. and they all go through the same process. . Growth stage The second stage is characterised by the increasing volume of sales, increasing number of competitors (Slack et al 2007). The key focus at this stage will always be keeping up with the affect expectations and ensuring the quality ( slack et al 2007). When it comes to Toyota products and services, this stage is going to be face up with competitors, and here Toyota should emphasis the quality and demand. Toyota customers at this stage would be the ones who likes to imitation the new style and quality, and the competitors will receive to increase.At this stage the order winning factors will be dependability ( ability to deliver according to the demand), and the satisfying factors will be the price, and flexibility). A good example to see how Toyota espouse this practice is to look at the range of Sedan models of Lexus IS,ES, GS, LS (http//www. lexus. com/models/allVehicles/ accessed 28th September 2012) , where Toyota is trying to offer the range options for the customers to control the market. Here the main performance objectives for Toyota will be speed, dependability of product/service and the quality of vehic les.Let us take the case of Pirus model as the model came into the market, we have seen the competitors chip into the market such as GM, Mercedes etc. But, the quality and the ability to support the demand was the key for Toyota. Again, Toyota was clever enough to offer range of vehicles attracting different market segments. 3. Maturity stage Leveling of the demand is a detectable factor at this stage. Here you would find that some of the competitors would withdraw from the competition due to the stiff competition.And here exactly the bigger players would remain in the market. And the focus for companies will be in reduction of cost and reducing the price and allowing the profits. So, the operations will have to face with cost, production, supply issues ( Slack et al 2007). In the case of Toyota you can see the products such as Sedan entered into this stage. Here the company customers will be primarily mass market, and competitors almost established in the market. It is obvious th at the order winning factors will be low price and dependability of supply.Various models in Sedan range is an attempt to make flexibility happen in the market. Flexibility (or availability of different models), and quality will be qualifying factors. Here Toyota focuses on cost reduction, and dependability, elaboration of market to increase the profitability. 4. pin stage Decline stage has got few characteristics as follows ? ? ? ? Sales decline Withdrawal of more competitors Price competition Cost focus ( Slack et al 2007) Here, customers will be late adapters (people who follow new style quite late).For Toyota, the number of competitors will be less at this stage. Here, price war start to happen and the low price will be the order winning factors, and qualifying factors will be dependability of supply. Of course at this stage, Toyota would focus on cost objective. An analysis on Toyotas products/services in Product/Service Life cycle Let us start with the case of Automobiles fro m Toyota in the first case. Here, we find that Lexus models are at maturity stage, and thats the reason for Toyotas efforts to bring range of vehicles in Lexus series.You can find Sedan, SUVs, Hybrid ranges in the section (http//www. lexus. com/models/allVehicles/ accessed 28th September 2012). It was the same case with Corolla and we have seen that as it reached the maturity stage, Toyota R &038 D was lucky in developing Atlis, Camry models to follow. Further Toyota was mindful about the main competitors such as GM Ford Honda Let us take the case of Bus models from Toyota we can find it clear that the company emphasizes on range as the product enters into the maturity stage.As for Toyota Camry it is in the growth stage, by making volume, and market share. It is also important to have a look at the Toyota Qualis model which had gone to the decline stage, and it was replaced by the Innova, but the competitor Chevrolet came up with Tavera. Again the notable thing is the introduction of Hybrid vehicles from Toyota, this move is in its introduction stage, and we also find the competitors slowly entering into the same arena, however Toyota emphasizes quality and design to exceed the expectations.Now let us have a reflection on various other products and services that Toyota got to offer For example the latest move of Toyota to enter into finance and technology segment is a move from Toyota to develop capabilities, and range in product/service area. For example the financial segment of Toyota is in the introduction stage and so do the biotechnology and communication businesses. Here Toyota must emphasis the quality and dependability features to lead the market.As we get closer we can find that the Toyota engineering segment is entered into the growth segment, where the focus is paid to quality, R to survive the competition. It is also important to look at the competition in the automobile industry. Many models from Toyota veneer stiff competition from players such as Chevrolet, KIA, Hyundai who compete in price and quality. While analysing the product life cycle of Toyota we would come across with the areas that they have to concern about.For example the Quality objective of Toyota got into real trouble with the engine problems identified in Sedan models, which eventually led to the recalling of thousands of cars. Here, Toyota must focus more about avoiding such big mistakes, it is not just the matter of re-work, but it affects the market leadership. Again the other area to destine about is the competitiveness of Toyota in terms of innovation, Toyota was a leader in innovation from the beginning, however the recent growth of ompetitors making Toyota a follower at times, instead of a leader. Here Toyota R &038 D section should pay attention to. Again, another factor that Toyota can think about the market oriented product development, for example the growing markets in China, India and Brazil requires particular attention, here low price, qua lity, flexibility matters. So, Toyota has to think about adjusting supplier networks or think about vertical desegregation strategies ( getting control over the supply chain by taking the control of suppliers).For example countries like China, India has got great potential, but both of them having indigenous cars in the market, here Toyota should think about alliances or partnerships to enter the market. And it would help the company to focus on low price. It is also important and doable to look at from the efficient frontier view ( Slack et al 2007), Frontier approach would help Toyota to position the main performance objectives in such a way to achieve the effectiveness in operation. When we take the case of Toyota, the regeneration factor is a concern for the organisation.Here due to the high variety the cost becomes higher, and the only way to tackle these problems is to concentrate on limiting variety, by innovation of sustainable products, increasing product life in the lif e cycle period of a product, positioning of product at various stages in the life cycle etc. when it comes to Toyota what matters the most is consider the quality, cost and variety features in such a way to increase the efficiency of production. ( fig 06, task 3, adapted from Slack et al 2007 p 78) It is also possible to draw attention to the competitive factors by way of looking at the competitors actions.This would give us an idea about the competencies of Toyota, and would help us to understand the key areas for improvement. Strategic Advantages of Toyota 1. Kanban System ( www. toyota. com )- Toyotas strategic factor that check them from other automobile manufacturers, is their production process. The JIT method has proven to be effective and efficient at saving costs for Toyota, thus can trip less for their products. So, it would give them a competitive advantage over other auto manufacturers. Only when the parts are needed, do the suppliers provide the parts due to an integ rated supply chain system.Lean manufacturing also cuts down on storage costs and increases inventory turnover and speeds -up production. Toyota is about effectively using resources to maximize their production and maximize elimination of unwanted costs. 2. Organizing Suppliers It is an understanding from Toyota, that to have an efficient manufacturing system, there needs to be strong relationships with suppliers. Suppliers are intrinsic part of the Kanban System, so it is vital to have close relationships with them to keep them up to date on new changes. They have a strong integration verses most automotive companys vertical integration.Horizontal integration unifys competitors to gain a competitive advantage with erect organizations. Toyota found that horizontal merge proves to be cost effective, risk reducing, and increase benefits (Hill, Charles W. L. ). Understanding the importance of good relationships with suppliers, Toyota sought out to assist with management, help enginee ring expertise, and even offered to finance potential investments (Hill,Charles W. L. ). Toyota strives for the best and only goes after the best suppliers of Japan and now the United States (Vaghefi, M. Reza). Strengths Cultural Advantages 3.Loyalty It is important to appreciate the cultural advantages. One of the cultural advantages is respect for pecking order authority. Japan is much more devoted to groups then to individuals. Toyota reflects this in their employees devotion to the company and the constant desire to improve it. One of their fundamental beliefs is that every employee deserves respect (The Toyota vision). The decision making process is much quicker and implemented quicker due to this respect for hierarchy authority. This is one of Toyotas strongest competitive advantages they believe in empowering every employee to be innovative (Vaghefi, M.Reza). 4. Continuous Improvement Coming from a culture that exceedingly values pride in products, Toyota continues to work for improving the quality of the product, the manufacturing system, or relationships between suppliers. Toyota was built on the belief of continuous learning therefore this inspires continuous improvement. Specifically, Toyota makes their employee teams figure out what the problem. The employees are more educated on the product now and can be more attentive to look for similar defects (Hill, Charles W. L. ). Another way Toyota is improving their internal structure was through organization.By organizing workforce into teams that perform similar tasks and grouping those teams into areas with similar tasks teams, Toyotas manufacturing system can be more efficient. 5. Absolute Cost Advantages Because of their just in time system, Toyota has been able to significantly reduce costs and therefore have increase their profits more. Customer Switching costs automobiles are fluidness assets and switching from one company to another can be easy. All customers have the opportunity to but what ever brand they desire, but once stuck with that vehicle, they are not as easy to dispose of the Rivalry among essay Companies.During the present times, competition between major automobile companies is intense. Between the large automobile companies in the States, competition continues to increase especially in hood economic times. Toyota has succeeded in narrowing the sales gap betweenFord and GM. Now Toyota holds 18. 4% of the market share of passenger cars while Ford holdsto 15. 4% and GM is 19. 3% ( Auto market review 2010) 6. Industry Competitive structure Toyota competes in a consolidated industry in that there are few but powerful companies competing with them.Consolidated companies are interwoven in their market because what one company does can have direct impact on a competitor. For Toyota, bringing in the just-in-time method has transformed how Ford and GM assemble their products. Weaknesses of Toyota 1. JIT SYSTEM OF TOYOTA Though the Kanban or the JIT system has pro ven to be a competitive advantage for Toyota, it can be a impuissance as well. The JIT system is so interdependent, that a single problem with one supplier affects the whole system. The one supplier that does not provide the quality supplies to Toyota will halt the rest of production till the issue has been resolved.Between unions, strikes, and product quality malfunction, Toyota is relying on every supplier to be on time with the best quality of products. Too much dependency can filter down to parts of the manufacturing lines if the suppliers do not provide. Economics of Scale 2. make pass Barriers Automobile industries create high exit barriers since so much investment is needed to get an automobile organization started and maintained 3. Slower elaboration to the growing markets As you analyse the expansion structure of Toyota, we would come across the fact that, Toyota is slow to expand to the market. This is one of the areas that require attention. . Increasing recall of vehic les Though Toyota Production System is hailed for the quality, the recent reports of ( 2010), recalling of cars proved to be damage to the company. Task 4 10 Marks Relevant conclusions and recommendations. I would like to approach the conclusions/ recommendations by way of a SWOT analysis. Fig. 07 SWOT synopsis based on the Toyota performance Or You can use this Strengths of Toyota ? Toyota has a strong global presence, operating in more than 170 countries worldwide. Toyota has an clear market penetration in key markets (US, China, and EMEA) and is now the worlds largest car manufacturer. Build your Toyota is a great innovation in the minds of customers, which helps them to produce the model of their choice (http//www. shopatgst. com/gstbuildyourtoyota/default. aspx? zip_code=70000 =null accessed 28th September 2012) ? Toyota is the worlds leading car manufacturer in terms of output and sales and is part of the Toyota Group, one of the worlds largest conglomerates. This puts To yota in a vanguard position in terms of financial and investment opportunities as well as growth strategies (Toyota, 2009). Toyota is well known for its quality, reliability, durability, innovativeness, and value for money as well as its environmentally safe technologies. The companys milestone is the Toyota Prius, the worlds bestselling hybrid car. The Prius is the first mass-produced hybrid car in the world and sold over two cardinal units worldwide in 2010. ? The company operates on principles of continuous Improvement and respect for all (Liker, 2004). ? Toyota has a very strong presence in northwestern America and Europe. Its presence in Europe is strengthened by the formation of the Toyota Team Europe.In the US, the company enjoys about 16 per cent market shareit is second to GM in terms of volume. ? Toyota has developed strong marketing and distribution strategies focused on meeting the demands of diverse segments. This is back up by high quality customer service and close booking with customers. ? The company is an industry leader in manufacturing and production. Toyota minimizes costs and maximizes profit through efficient production approaches such as the lean manufacturing (Total Quality Management) and yet in Time. The company is also a first mover in automobile research and development (Krause et al. 2007). Toyotas Weakness ? The company has suffered ostracize publicity due to a significantly high number of recalls (Hitokoto, 2010, may 13). From the fourth quarter of 2009 to the 1st quarter of 2010, the company recalled more than 8 million vehicles globally this even led to temporary halting of production. ? Toyota has also been highly criticized for its heavy reliance on imports for inputs by Japanese car makers. ? The company suffered badly during the 2008 financial crisis and was forced to declare lossesthe first annual loss in seven decades.In May, 2009, TMC reported a net loss of $4. 2 billion (Hitokoto, 2010). ? Another weakness is th at the company heavily depends on Japan and the United States as its primary markets. The companys profits dropped by 20. 6% in Japan over the monetary year of 2009, sending a red signal since the Japanese market comprise of 67. 3% of their total revenue. Opportunities for Toyota ? With rising oil prices, the company can take advantage of its continuous Innovation, particularly the manufacturing of green cars such as the Prius model to increase sales. Investment in advanced technologies and R activity will enhance the widening of product portfolio that meets the diverse needs of consumers seek alternative sources of fuels away from fuel guzzlers. ? Innovation will help the company to produce cars which have greater performance and less damage on the environment. ? The companys joint ventures in Europe, specifically, its partnerships with French automakers (Peugeot and Citroen) offer a number of key opportunities for Toyota to expand its production and supply in France. Toyota has the opportunity to develop new cars which fit the social and institutional requirements and needs. Fuel efficient, high quality and environmentally friendly vehicles can be attractive to consumers. The Hybrid technology was revamped in 2005 (Sanna, 2005). ? The company can continue with its global expansionin particular in China and India, Russia. In these emerging markets, people and demand is accelerating due to rising qualities of life. Governments of India and China reduced automobile taxes so as to promote sales and curb declining sales. Toyota can diversify its engineering efforts into niches like power equipment, and other electrical and non-electrical machinery. Threats for Toyota ? Toyota is increasingly experiencing market and brand saturation and increased competition, cutthroat promotional campaigns from competitors. ? Unfavorable economic conditions such as shifts in the exchange rates have left Toyota seek with low profits and increasing costs of raw materials. ? Pr edictions of economic downswing e. g. ecession, will negatively affect car purchases (especially the purchase of new cars). mansion budgets are likely to tightenleading to a decline in new car sales and potential validation of dealerships. ? Demographics are changing, for example, family sizes are decreasingthis undermines the demand for large family cars. ? Consumers are also changing Car usage families are decreasing the usage of cars to take children to school, business are decreasing usage of car transport (by adopting information technologies such

Of Mice And Men Pee On Crooks Essay

P Crooks is the one on the bedcover who is by himself and is unable to mix in with the others at all beca expenditure of his discolour.E This is proven through the phrase , Crooks, on a black servicemans loneliness Spose you didnt surrender nobody. Spose you couldnt go into the bunk ho pulmonary tuberculosis and play odd cause you was black. Howd you wish well that? Spose you had to sit come on here an read books.A Through the repetition of the conjunction spose, a lexical field of operation of isolation is created which further emphasises the sheer ghastliness he grammatical cases universe the altogether black man, which simultaneously provokes the reader to chance empathic towards him. A nonher reason that the reader will feel empathetic towards Crooks at this point is because of the fact that he his openly confiding in Lennie which gives the impression that he isnt able to do this on a normal basis.P Crooks is aware that not just is his weakness his hunched spine bu t also his colour.E This is just a common raccoon talkin, an a busted- stake nigger. So it dont mean nothing, see?A The use of alliteration with busted-back suggests how Crooks is emphasizing the fact that he is not only black but is also significantly weak compared to the others because of his back. Through this the twice marginalism Crooks faces is emphasisedwhich creates sympathy towards him. This further gives the impression that he is almost intentionally trying to devalue himself which implies how he is vulnerable and is almost trying to use this as a privilege as the weak are not listened to and taken account of.P Even though Crooks is the only inkiness at the counterpane, Steinbeck displays him as an extremely independent worker.E This is evident from, This inhabit was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud aloof man. He unploughed his distance and demanded that others kept theirs.A From the description of his room which Crooks insists on holding neat implies t hat fact that even though he has been degraded to the levels of animals because of his colour, he has come to the realisation that he does not need to live like one. This displays that dignity is an important matter to him. Also the use of the verb demanded suggests that Crooks is determined to have a say in which he talks to if thats the only thing he can do. This emphasises the fact that he purposely isolates himself, as he is a victim of prejudice.P Steinbeck deeply describes Crooks facial features, which rear us an insight to Crooks emotions and experiences.E For example, his eyes.. because of their depth seemed to glitter with forte he had p personal-tightened lips implies this.A The use of the metaphor, glitter with intensity implies that Crooks has many vague emotions yet he is unable to share them with anyone, as he is not close to anyone due to his colour. Also the use of the pre-modifier, pain tightened lips suggests that Crooks has almost represses his emotions and pe stering experiences away inside him, as he is unable to find somebody to confide in.P Many other people use his colour as an excuse to overpower him.E For example Curleys married woman says, I can have you canned for this,A The fact that Crooks like a shot pipes d testify tells us that even Curleys wife can use her status as a white woman to get her own way despite it her in the wrong of being in Crooks room. This displays the vulturous nature of human existence displayed through all the character on the ranch.P Crooks lack of dominance in the ranch life is all the way evident through his description and personality.E The door opened piano a lean negro head, lined with pain, the eye diligent (Pg. 77)A As he opened quietly, can be symbolic of his natural quiet life, which shows that he is in an isolated world with no dreams. The explicit commentary of crooks head being black as shown by the word negro, expresses that being a black person content that you are powerless and segregated in the ranch life. Eye patient, confirms to the audience that Crooks is awaiting for recognition, and as he is lean, could possibly mean that he is looking up at the ranch workers as he has no authority over them.P Crooks craves for some human contact immensely through uttering his feelings.E a poke fun goes nuts if he aint got nobodybooks aint no goodguy gets too solitary(a) an sickA Use of hyperbole, nuts stresses Crooks detestation of his seclusion and that being kindlyly excluded has made him change negatively, by being sick. The adverbial quantifier intensifier points out that his need for social interaction is literally killing him. Through the use of the words, nutslonelysick, creates a semantic field of dehumanisation, as Crooks has no ordinary lifestyle or feelings in association to the other workers in the ranch. A lexical field of knowledge is made due to the repetition of books, demo that books is his only source of entertainment to fulfil his need to mi ngle with others in society.P Crooks despondent state makes him urge to take advantage of the weakest in the ranch, Lennie.E Spose George dont come back no moreA Crooks, plays with Lennies mind, to torment him, which was deliberately through to make Crook feel better as he doesnt feel remorseful for himself no more (schadenfreude).He treats Lennie in this manner, by eradicating the thought of George returning which is significant to Lennie, as they are fraternal bonds.P Crooks poor physical and emotional injuries are displayed when he is described.E Pain-tightened lipsface lined with painA Here a semantic field of agony is evident through the words pain tightenedpain, which suggests that Crooks ranch life underprivileged and too challenging for someone of his figure. The use of pre-modifier pain-tightened, illustrates the depth of ache within crook, which makes him unable to speak up for himself, due to having no greater dominance in contrast to other ranch workers including Cur leys wife.

Challenges we face today Essay

Challenges we flavour today in the 21st century argon youths not preparing for a productive adult hood. Many youth dont agnize it in life because they dont set about a acquit supplementary fostering. Obama had a speech saying tonight I take up every American to commit to at least one grade or more of higher education or c arer teach because nowadays nigh job required a post subsidiary education. Jobs are getting advance and the need for skilled professional are in demand but young adults dont finish the expectation. United State education system is falling behind, youth arent finding economic consumption.No one wants to hire somewhatone who isnt get for the task. erect secondary education is youre ID to get hired in any field you choose to be. All the reports, all the reasons we still bring failed to take action. Getting a post secondary education should be a primary task. In the workforce today its important to have a higher education because if you dont you w int have a chance against the person following to you. By having a little more higher education then the next person can earn you more money and live a better lifestyle.If money concerns you, then you need a post-secondary education because futurity jobs required post- secondary education. The demand for higher education is continuing to increase. purge if jobs are available they are filled by people with post- secondary education. Even blue collar field type of jobs required some post-secondary education. Employers complain that youth are not prepared because they dont have communication skills, critical thinking, and not being professional. It is important to have both hard and soft skills.Since the labor market is so thug its hard to complete without a post secondary education. Since teens are unable to find jobs they are getting into trouble with the law and most of them are low incomes or minority. Right now the percent of working young adults are at its lowest point. Whe re ever you go education will always play an important role in your life. Post high school training is necessary to help increase the employment rate. Post- secondary education will help United State drift forward.

Love and Entire Emotional Spectrum Essay

The main subject of Editha is contend. Editha blindly and ignorantly believes in the terrific romanticism of war and is totally oblivious to the real consequences of battle, and Howells shows his dislike in his portrayal of Editha though the plots. From the earliest of moments in the story, Editha is shown as one who has embraced the superpatriotic claims of nationalism in a time of war. Editha sees war as a romantic pursuit, one in which there is no complexity. For Editha, when the nation has move to war, there is no question of its authenticity and little room for head in terms of individuals paying heed to its call But jadet you see, dearest, she said, that it wouldnt have come to this, if it hadnt been in the enact of Providence? And I call any war brainy that is for the release of people who have been struggling for years against the cruelest oppression. Dont you deem so too? Editha views war in terms of providential design, glorious in its nonion of liberation, and a n exercise in which there can be no ambiguity.For Editha, war is an exercise of Romantic valor, something expressed to George in a letter to him in which her get laid of the adventure in war is closely secondary to the affection of a beloved I shall always love you, and therefore I shall never marry anyone else. But the man I marry must love his country first of all, and be competent to say to me, I could not love thee, dear, so much, Loved I not honor more. There is no honor above the States with me. In this great hour there is no other honor. recognize is something that Editha defines externally. George defines himself in a very different manner. For George, honor is internal, adhering to a macrocosm from within.In response to Edithas zeal about war, George responds, But war Is it glorious to break the peace of the world? For George, the action of war is not honorable. George sees the world possessing doubt, something that he feels is present when he differs from Editha. In contrast to Edithas certainty, George sees doubt and confusion. It is because of this that he is swayed to join the war effort, joining something in which he has doubt and uncertainty. It is in this point and counterpoint in which Editha and George operate. They function in relation to one another because they represent the entire emotional spectrum about love, war, and commitment.

Barangay Information System Essay

Signifi tin cance of the Study-This study was make to observe out that the use of abode breeding body exit diminish the time for the transaction of encoding. Also in using this musical arrangement it can recognize the person involve in this study. To the Barangay It will help for them to change magnitude the time for the transaction of encoding. The system will be the census alike(p) having a system of the barangay for all of its constituents and new spate who will delay in the place. The system will be effective in maintaining, intrusive and storing of records of all resident in the barangay.To the Residence For they will be accommodated good for they will have an identification that can be used to recover their accounts if at that place are some changes to be done in their part. It will also be easy for them in requesting some discipline and work because the barangay had already have it. This will also assure the residents that their information is justly secure d and maintain through the manipulation of the proposed system.To the Secretary of the Barangay It will help to elevate the record and monitor the information of the residence.ForeignFor further understanding of the study, the police detectives made use of different reading materials related to the information system. These materials such as books, magazines, newspapers, thesis and other web articles are essential in broadening the knowledge of the researchers. These will also guide the researchers to achieve their target objective lensives by getting ideas on other related studies and make improvements as possible.   consort to Jennifer Rowley (2005), information system are a tool to support information management.Information systems are increasingly being used in organizations with the object of providing competitive advantage. The information systems used by organizations can be sort into different types such as transaction processing system, executive information syste m, expert systems and office information systems. Information Technology has heralded the coming of the information society.The University of Minnesota Research and Training Center has released its annual residential Information Systems Project report. The report provides tell-by-state statistics with long-term trends on residential services, settings, populations and expenditures for people with developmental disabilities in state, nonstate, and Medicaid-funded residential programs. Characteristics of residents, movement and staffing patterns in large state residential facilities are included.The report uses 2012 data to examine trends in residential supports for people with developmental disabilities. The report found that the majority of people with IDD that do not live with a family member live in a setting with three or fewer people with IDD, with more than three-fourths sharing a home with six of fewer people. The report notes that there are significant differences in th e data between states for many result areas, including setting size, waiting lists, and average expenditures for HCBS. OBrien, (2011) defines information system as the organized combination of people, hardware,software, communication networks and data reextractions, that control, transform and disseminateinformation in an organization.In partial fulfilment for the requirements in Software Project presented to the faculty of IT partEbora, Vanessa Grace I.Casas, Lori Anne S.Rapisora, Sheryl L.Tambongco, StevenCHAPTER 1The Problem and Its BackgroundIntroduction cathode-ray oscilloscope of the StudyThe study was conducted at Barangay Katipunan-Bayani which has a approximate popul.ation of 8,000 residents. The barangay is located at Rodriguez Ave. Tanay, Rizal.Vicinity map of Barangay Katipunan-BayaniTheoretical FrameworkConceptual Framework literary argument of the ProblemThis discuss about the problems of existing system that will be resolve by the researcher through computerized Res idence Information Sysytem1. Open- source data2. Back-up shop incase of loss3. Time consuming of file application form4. Sharing of documents5. File storageObjectivesGeneralThe researcher aims to develop a system that will help the client to undertake the load of the barangay staffs in saving the residents files.Specific1. shake a security system to secured all the important records of the residents.2. Have a back-up storage file in case of corrupting data.3. Have a network-based for easy transferring of file needed.4. Have a data base for data storage.Scope and LimitationThe system is designed to have a security for the records to be secured that only the authorize person can only handle the system. It can be salvage on a folder for file back-up. It has data base for storage of saved data. It can print documents such as Barangay Clearance, Indigency etc.The system cannot produce hard copy of total records of barangay constituents. it did not contain residence number.